GPAT-2019- Fat Soluble Vitamins
VITAMIN
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PHYSIOLOGIC FUNC.
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DEFICIENCY
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Toxicity
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SOURCES
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VITAMIN A (Retinol):
Retin = Retina
ol = alcohol
B-carotene à Retinol à 11 cis retinol
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§ Proper night vision
§ Formation & maintenance of healthy epithelial tissue.
§ Growth of skeletal / soft tissues bone & teeth
§ Deficiency can be due to:
o Inadequate dietary intake
o Poor absorption
o Inadequate hepatic conversion of B carotene
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§ Night blindness
§ Keratinization of corneal epithelium à Xerophthalmia
§ Keratinization of epithelium of skin / mucous membrane leading to Infections
§ Faulty tooth formation.
§ Retarded growth
§ Loss of appetite
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§ Toxic in large amounts.
§ Loss of hair, joint pain, jaundice, L. bone thicken
§ In children: hyperstoses (bone hypertrophy)
§ In adults & children:
o Peeling of skin
o Headache, Nystagmus
o Lymph node enlarge
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§ Adult: 3,000 IU
§ Inf: 1,300 – 2,600
§ Ped. prepn. must contain > 1,000 IU
§ Adult prepn. must contain > 1,600 IU
§ No prepn. should contain > 10,000
§ 1IU = 0.3 retinol, 0.6 carotene
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§ Liver, fish oil
§ Butter, whole milk, egg yolk
§ Green & yellow vegetables
§ Yellow fruits (apricots)
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VITAMIN D:
Formed in the body by skin exposure to UV from sun or lamp
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§ Para-hormone (involved in Ca / P metabolism)
§ Absorption of Ca & P from GIT
§ Tubular reabsorption of Ca
§ Calcification of bones (Ca mobilization from bone to blood)
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§ In children: faulty bone formation & rickets (cranial bones soften, bowed thighs & knock‑knees)
§ In adults: osteomalasia & hypo-parathyroidism.
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o Calcification of soft tissues lungs / kidney
o Hyper-calcemia
o Bone fragility.
o digitalis tox. , MI
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400 IU (children; pregnant or lactating women)
1 IU vitamin D = 0.025 g vitamin D2.
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§ Fish oil / yeast
§ Fortified or irradiated milk.
§ In few foods: cod liver oil, little in milk, egg yolk
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VITAMIN E:
Anti-sterility vitamin (proven in rats)
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§ Related to action of Selenium
§ Antioxidant (protects # peroxides which can destroy RBCs & capillary walls)
§ Normal development of muscles
§ Safe in large doses
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§ Hemolysis of RBCs
§ Anemia.
§ Sterility in males.
§ Habitual abortion in females
§ Muscular dystrophy
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§ Safe in large doses
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§ Adult: 5 - 10 IU
§ Increases vitamin A absorption
§ Anti-oxidant
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§ Vegetable oil.
§ Seed oils.
§ Others: milk, eggs, meat & fish.
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VITAMIN K:
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§ Blood clotting, necessary for hepatic synthesis of prothrombin.
§ Toxic in large amounts.
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§ Hemorrhagic tendencies à PT time.
§ Xss oral AB à inhibits flora à Vitamin K deficiency.
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o Inf: hemorrhagic anemia, kernicterus, & bilirubin.
o In adults: liver functn. à jaundice.
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§ UNKNOWN
§ Synthesized by normal GIT flora
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§ Green leafy vegetables,
§ Cheese, egg yolk, liver.
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